Tiling



f (No Model.)

A 2 SheetS-Sheef 1. A T. HYATT. l l VAULT COVERING, ILLMINATING TILING, Gac.

N0. 365,306. Patented Junefzl, 1887.

(N0 Model.) 2 sheets-sheet 2.

T. HYATT.

VAULT GOVERING, ILLUMINATING TILING, &c.

No. 365,306. Patented June 21, 1887.

' 4o cessed or notched crossbars.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

THADDEUS HYATT, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO THE VTHAD- .Y DEUS HYATT IMPROVED ILLUMINATING TILE COMPANY.

VAULT-COVER'ING,l lLLUMlNATlNG-TILING, 86C.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 365,306, dated June 21, 1887.

Appleatonlcd September 2l, 1886. Serial No. 214,199. (No model.)

To all whoml t may concern,.-

Be it known lthat I, THADDEUS HYATT, of Brooklyn, Kings county, New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vault- Coverings, Illuminating Gratings, Src., of which the following is a specification.

My present improvement applies more especially to portions of the supporting framework which upholds the illuminating-gratings,

ro and more particularly to the cross-bars or rafters which underlie the gratings, and which cross or span the spaces covered by the gratings. These cross-bars or rafters are generally made solid and either of uniform width throughout theirlength or fish-bellied, and where they underlie and support the gratings the gratings are either Inade imperforate with a dead or solid strip or border which admits no light, or, if a rowY of light-holes occurs on zo the line of the bar, they are obscured by the bar and become useless as light-inlets, and are hence filled up with dead glasses or cement to cover and conceal the useless holes.

Now, the object of my invention is to make 2 5 the light-holes continuous over the whole grating, both over the bar as well as at the clear spaces or panels between the bars, and to obviate dead linesor borders over the bars and enable lines of light-holes directly over the g 5o bars to actas effective lightinlets.

To theseends myinvention eonsists,briefly,

. in forming the bars with gaps, notches, or

openings directly under the light-holes, so as to admit the light through or across the edge of the barswithout any serious obstruction,

as hereinafter fully set forth.

In the drawings annexed, Figure 1 gives a fragmentary plan view of illuminatinggratings or tile-work supported on one of my re- Fig. 2 is a plan View of the cross-bar itself, and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a crosssection on line x .fvof Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is a cross-section on line y y. Fig. 6 is a perspective view of a complete supporting-frame formed with the improved cross-bars. Fig.

v7 -is a perspective View showing beams or rafters of curved form forsupporting acurved rear extension-roof made according to myin- 5O vention. Figs. 8 and 9 show modifications.

Referring first to Fig. 6, A indicates the supportingfraine for the grating or tile-work, .which is usually made with the horizontal rim a and. vertical lip or flange b to retain the layer of cement with which thegrating is over laid when the work is complete. This frame is divided, as usual witha number of panels, by the cross-bars d d, and the panels are filled by the gratings B B, as shown in Figs. 1', 3, and 5, having openings f, in which glasses g are set, according to any of the usual systems in use.

In the drawings I show a novel form of gratings and glasses, which form the subjects of a separate application 5 but my present improvement is not, of course, confined to such special forms. I also contemplate that the gratings shall be concreted or overlaid with cement flush with the top of the glasses and the top of the lip b on the frame, in the form shown in the drawings; but my present invention is not confined to -concreted gratings, and may be applied to any class of gratings set with glasses and having underlying supporting bars or rafters. 1

As shown in Figs. 1, 4, and 5, the gratings B, which lill and cover the panels in the frame, will meet and abut endwise on the cross-bars d. and the half light-holes in the abutting ends will meet together `and form complete holes over the bars, as fully shown in Figs. 1 and 4.

It will be seen that the order and arrangement of the light-holes in the gratings is such that they have a regular succession or continuity, both longitudinally ofthe bar and transversely of it, so that they are not spaced differentl y or omitted at the cross bars, and hence the gratings have no dead-work lines or borders to overlie the bars, as has been common heretofore. Thelight-holeshaving,therefore, the regular and unbroken continuity shown, aline of light-holes will thus centrally overlie the line of the cross-bar, said holes be-Y ing that line of holes which are bisected by the line of junction of the plates or gratings 95 on the cross-bars. Now, in order to make this line of lightholes effective as light-inlets, I form the cross-bar with deep curved gaps or notches h 7L, on its topedge, coincident Withthe overlying light-holes, said notches being pref- 10o erably deeply beveled on each side of the bars, as seen in Figs. 3, 4, and 6, so that theA rays of light are thus readily admitted from the glass over said bar in slanting lines on either side thereof, as indicated by the rays in Figs. 3, 4, and 5. This construction thus renders the line of light-holes over the cross-bars almost equally as efficient as any other line of holes, and at the same time preserves a uniform appearance all through the tile-work at the top or exterior' of the same, and gives the effect of one continuous uniform panel or grating, which are very important advantages in illuminating tile-work. In addition to these advantages, it follows that, since my improved crossbars donot materially obstruct the light, a greater number of cross-bars can be used than heretofore, thnsimparting much greater strength and rigidity to the, structure, and which is particularly desirable where concrete is used as an overlayer, whereas heretofore the bars have been as few as possible and placed as fai' apart as practicable, in order not to obstruct the light-holes, thus tending to weaken the structure.

By reference to Figs. 2, 3, and 6 it will be noted that the cross-bars are formed with a secondary series of smaller notches, or rather recesses, la k, between the main notches h,which correspond to the lines of light-holes which are next adjacent to those which overlie the bars, as seen in Fig. 1, and which are formed where the circle ofthe light-hole cuts or runs tangent or sccant to the bars, thus removing the metal of the bar slightly on each side, so as to give the adjacent lines of light-holes their full light-admittingvalue, as will be understood.

It will be secu on reference to Figs. l and 5 that the gratings which abut or junction on the cross bars are fastened thereto by countersunlcheaded screws m, which are screwed into the cross-bar and the heads of which bear jointly on the abutting sections, which are formed with bisected screw-holes to receive said heads, as will be understood from Figs. 1 and 5, thus fastening both gratings to the bar by oneline ofserews. This feature I have, however, claimed in a separate application filed the same date as this.

It will be understood that the underlying notched bars d may be formed separately from any frame and may be suitably secured to the walls, girders, or other parts for supporting the gratings; but I generally prefer to form a continuous cast-iron frame having a series of the notched cross-bars formed integral therewith, as seen in Fig. 6.

The cross-bars may be formed separately in wrought or cast iron for rear extension-roofs, as shown in Fig. 7, in curved, arched, or other suitable forms, in which case one end will generally be supported on the back wall, n, while the other end is bolted to a girder, p, which rests at each end on the side walls of the building, as will be understood from Fig. 7.

Many other obvious forms and arrangements of the improved crossbars will readily suggest themselves, as they may be used in any situations where the common bars are now used, and in many other places where such bars would not be admissible, and I do not of course limit myself to any particular shape or situation of the bars.

It will be seen that the essential principle of my invention is to isolate the top edge of the supporting-bars from the under side of the gratings at points coincident with the overlying light-holes, so as to allow freeintiow ofthe light slantingly over the edge ofthe bars,w 1th points of support extending between the isolating spaces from the bars to the gratings, or vice versa; hence the bars may be made, as shown in Fig. S, with small posts or feet in rising therefrom to support the gratings at points between the light holes, and the isolating spaces or gaps h between the posts m will admitthelight with the same effect as the notched bars shown in the other tigures. To reverse this, the gratings may be formed with the feet or posts m, as shown in Fig. 9, extending from the under side at points between the light holes, which feet will rest on the straight top edge of the bar, and be secured thereto, thus leaving isolating spaces 7i between the points of support under the light-holes with the same effect as in the other constructions.

fhat I claim is 1. In illuminating tilework, the combination, with an overlying metall-ie grating and glasses set inthe openings thereof, of underlying supporting-bars, isolated at the top edge from the gratings at points beneath thehght- 'holes andglasses, with points of support extending between tlie bar and gratings, and arranged between the isolating spaces, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

2. In illuminating tile -work, supportingbars underlying the gratings beneath lines of lightholes having gaps, notches, or openings coincident with said light-holes to admit the light from said holes witout material obstruction, substantially as shown and described.

3. In illuminating tilework, supportingbars underlying the gratings beneath lines of IOO IIO

light-holes having gaps or notches in its upper edge coincident with said light-holes, and beveled on the sides whereby the light is admitted freely in slanting lines across the edge of the bar and down its sides from said lightholes, substantially as shown and described.

4. In illuminating tile-work, the combina tion, with gratings having series of light-holes arranged in regular succession and uniform continuity, of a supporting bar or bars under lying the grating beneath one line of holes, having its edge formed with light-admitting gaps,openings, or notches coincident with said holes, substantially as set forth.

5. In illuminating tile-work, the combination, with sectional gratings adapted to junction end to end, and having half light-holes on said end which are completed when the sections are juuctioned, of supporting-bars un derlying thejnnction-line of said Sections, and 7, In illuminating tile-Work, a grating-snpsecured thereto, and having its edge formed porting frame formed with cross-bars d, havwith light-admitting gaps,openings,or notches ing light-admitting gaps, openings, or notches coincident with said bisected light-holes in the on their supporting edges, substantiall y as and 15 5 junctioned sections, substantially as herein for the purpose set forth.

Shown and described. n

6. In illuminating tile-Work, the supporting THADDEUS HYATT. cross bars d, havingthe vertical gaps or notches h, and the intervening lateral recesses Witnesses: 1o k, substantially as and for the purpose set JNO. E. GAvIN,

forth. CEAS. M. HIGGrNs. 

